Plant breeding dates to the very beginnings of agriculture, though scientific plant breeding began only in the. Plant breeding, application of genetic principles to produce plants that are more useful to humans. It is a complex subject, involving the use of many interdisciplinary modern sciences and technologies. The art of plant breeding is perhaps older than the science of genetics. Request pdf key notes on genetics and plant breeding genetics is the. Understand basic genetic principles as they apply to breeding vegetable varieties and lear. Knauft2 abstract this paper gives suggestions for laboratory procedures in eight different topic areas. Cbse class 12 biology, strategies for enhancement in food production, full chapter, by shiksha house for notes, mcqs and ncert solutions, please visit our newly updated website s. Cbse ncert notes class 12 biology enhancement in food production. The scientific method consists of observation, formulation of hypothesis, experimentation and conclusion either to accept or reject the hypothesis. It helps for the production of several superior qualities originally found in verious plants crops into a single plant. Ever since men took to agriculture they came to find that.
Steps and methods of plant breeding for disease resistance. The document plant breeding neet notes edurev is a part of the neet course biology class 12. Plant tissue culture is widely used in agriculture for the. In some places, earnings from plant breeding rights can equal or exceed earnings from actually producing plants. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation. Agr4320 plant breeding presents a comprehensive coverage of the principles, theory and applications of. Breeding tepary bean phaseolus acutifolius for drought adaptation. Plant breeding,strategies for enhancement in food production get topics notes, online test, video lectures, doubts and solutions for cbse class 12science on topperlearning. Transgenic breeding traditional breeding transgenic plants novel proteins may be introduced from llltd l t i hihl novel proteins may be closelyre lated plant species. Plant breeding helps in breeding of diseases free varieties. Multiple choice questions on plant breeding mcq biology. Plant breeding helps in production of varities suited to particular climate and.
An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will produce a new variety regularly, every couple of years or so. Mar 28, 2014 thus, plant breeding is purely science with very little art involved. Cbse class 12 biology chapterwise notes presented by vidyakul offer students with the summary of the chapters, important points to remember, detailed. Plant breeding is the manipulation of plant species in order to obtain desirable plant traits such as more yield, pest resistance, herbicide resistance etc. Plant tissue culture is widely used in agriculture for the production of pathogen free plant and disease resistant varieties of plants in meristem culture, somatic hybridization, the somaclonal. Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as variation breeding, is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other cultivars. Plant breeding for improved food quality around three billion people in the world suffer from deficiency of micronutrient, protein and vitamin which is called hidden hunger which can lead to increase the risk of diseases, reduce life span, reduce mental ability etc. We can produce a good quality plant which may yield better quality of fruit and seeds through plant breeding. Jun 26, 2017 neet biology live enhancement in food production 2 plant breeding class 12 ankita maam duration. Plant breeding and genetics encyclopedia of life support. Jagadeesh professor gpb kittur rani channamma college of horticulture, arabhavi email.
Multiple loci composition of an open pollinated population. Plant breeding is the branch of biology that deals. Online course plant breeding growing hybrids, cultivars. Plant breeding is the manipulation of plant species in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistance. Crop plants can be divided into two classes on the basis of their. This document is highly rated by class 12 students and has been viewed 6831 times. The resident class section, which will be available live via the internet for distance students, will meet on days and times to be announced. Definition, aim, objectives and scope of plant breeding 2. Disease resistant varieties of plants grade 12 botany notes. The plant breeders is to produce a crop variety which is better than all the existing verities for cultivation. Plant breeding methods 1 plant breeding methods additional new reference george acquaah. The projects will be decided after discussion with the students in the class. Sep 28, 20 plant breeding can benefit us a lot and helps our society. Strategies for enhancement in food production important questions for cbse class 12 biology plant breeding.
Plant tissue culture types, techniques, process and its uses. Botany zoology biochemistry genetics molecular biology biotechnology human physiology plant physiology microbiology immunology embryology ecology evolution biophysics. Class xii ncert biology text book chapter 9 strategies for enhancement in food production is given below. The genotype of the zygote will depend on which alleles are carried in the gametes. Plant breeding can benefit us a lot and helps our society. This manipulation involves either controlled pollination.
We start with a true breeding par strain that we mate to wild type. Plant breeding is a bigger industry than most people realise. Successful commercial plant breeding concerns were founded from the late 19th century. Plant breeding helps in production of varities suited to particular climate and soil. Plant breeding, cyperus esculentus, genetically modified organism. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create desired genotypes and phenotypes for specific purposes. Since the conventional breeding techniques could not fulfill the then required demand of crops. When heterozygotes mate their offspring will have different phenotypes. Class notes 1,100,000 ca 650,000 u of g 30,000 biol 2,000 biol 1050 100 laura graham 30 lecture 5. Strategies for enhancement in food production study. Jan 30, 2020 plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desirable plant types that adapt to human needs more efficiently. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of qualities in plants to create new varieties with a set of desired characteristics. Strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes. Dec 06, 2019 strategies for enhancement in food production important questions for cbse class 12 biology plant breeding.
Introduction to plant breeding ut institute of agriculture. Plant breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. It is an essential prerequisite in the field of plant. It is a purposeful manipulation of plants to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yield and are disease resistant. Mar 01, 2019 strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app. Neet biology live enhancement in food production 2 plant breeding class 12 ankita maam duration. Plant breeding is the most important technology developed by man. Cbse class 12science biology plant breeding topperlearning. Plant breeding steps and significance the biology notes. With ever increasing population of the world, enhancement of food production is a major necessity. Science is the knowledge gathered through scientific method. Plant breeding definition, methods, steps and videos.
Kidwell encyclopedia of life support systems eolss despite advances in technologies, plant breeding is still based on mendels original concept of inheritance which is extended to encompass the inheritance of quantitative. Plant breeding definition, methods, steps and videos toppr. In addition, the breeding system must be manipulated to produce hybrid varieties see below. Plant breeding is a technique of manipulation of plant species, in order to. Cbse class 12 biology strategies for enhancement in. With ever increasing population of the world, enhancement of food. In this virtual class, learn about plant breeding techniques that foster broad disease and pest resistance in organically grown crops and why every organic gardener should be involved with plant breeding. The f1 flies appear like wild type therefore shi is recessive not expressed in heterozygote say we have isolated a new paralyzed mutant that we call par. Mutation breeding, sometimes referred to as variation breeding, is the process of exposing seeds to chemicals or radiation in order to generate mutants with desirable traits to be bred with other. Plant breeding is a technique of manipulation of plant species, in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistant. More lecture notes from easy biology class algae fungi lichen plant pathology bryophytes pteridophytes gymnosperms systematics plant anatomy horticulture plant breeding. Breeding for physiological and morphological traits handout 327, wed. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. Thus, plant breeding is purely science with very little art involved.
Since the conventional breeding techniques could not fulfill the then required demand of crops, tissue culture came around as a grand leap in breeding practices. Apr 14, 2020 economic botany and plant breeding, chapter notes, class 12, botany, part 1 class 12 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 12. It is an essential prerequisite in the field of plant biotechnology. Traditional farming can only yield limited food for humans and animals. Difference between sexual and asexual reproduction. Conventional plant breeding is in practice from 9,00011,000 years ago. Biotechnology applications for plant breeding and genetics. Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species to create desirable plant types that adapt to human needs more efficiently. Important questions for cbse class 12 biology plant breeding. The best app for cbse students now provides strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes latest chapter wise notes for quick preparation of cbse board exams and school based annual examinations. Plant breeding david luckett and gerald halloran what is. Plant biotechnology is a set of techniques used to adapt plants for intentional usage and benefits. Strategies for enhancement in food production class 12 notes biology in pdf are available for free download in mycbseguide mobile app.
Todays nurseryman needs to understand plant breeding and selection. The modern method of plant breeding is carried out in the following steps. Key notes on genetics and plant breeding request pdf. History and development of plant breeding scientific contributions of eminent scientists landmarks in plant breeding 3. Ppt plant breeding methods powerpoint presentation free. Plant breeding for improved food quality around three billion people in the world suffer from deficiency of micronutrient, protein and vitamin which is called hidden hunger which can lead to increase the risk of. Plant breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics.
Plant breeding is the process of altering the characteristics of plants to provide more nourishing food products. Modern plant breeding is considered a discipline originating from the science of genetics. Breeding has been extensively applied to food crops to develop crops with a better agricultural application. Modes of reproduction asexual reproduction vegetative reproduction and apomixis and sexual. Plant breeding is done for the following objectives. Example wheat immune to rust, potatoes immune to blight etc. Biological principles as applied to animal husbandry and plant breeding have a major role in our efforts to increase food production. Download class 12 biology notes chapterwise vidyakul. Plant breeding is the genetic improvement of the crop in order to create desired plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better yields and are disease resistant.
Notes on concept of breeding technique grade 12 biology. It has been used to improve the quality of nutrition in products for humans and animals. Food production should be increases qualitatively and quantitatively. Variability forms the root of all breeding practices. Ever since men took to agriculture they came to find that better seed means better. Cbse ncert notes class 12 biology enhancement in food. Poverty, the lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society, remains the most critical social problem that needs to be. Difference between self pollination and cross pollination. The plant breeding methods have undergone multiple amendments since it was started from 9000 1 years ago. Join courses with the best schedule and enjoy fun and interactive classes.
The offspring from a cross of two true breeding lines is known as the f1 or first filial generation. It is more useful in transferring the characters like disease, pest and drought resistant from related genera. Plant breeding is considered as the current phase of crop evolution. There was, therefore, a natural tendency to select the best ear of grains or the best fruit for seed. Plants created using mutagenesis are sometimes called mutagenic plants or mutagenic seeds. Disease resistant varieties of plants grade 12 botany. It allowed civilization to form and its continual success is critical to maintaining our way of life. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. Laboratory suggestions for introductory plant breeding courses1 d. Apr 22, 2019 class xii ncert biology text book chapter 9 strategies for enhancement in food production is given below. Poverty, the lack of basic capacity to participate effectively in society, remains the most critical social problem that needs to be addressed, plant breeding may have a colossal effect in our society because it helps in maintaining food supply and it also does reduce malnutrition. Concept of breeding techniques grade 12 botany notes.